Feature | Smallpox | Monkeypox | Chickenpox |
Virus | Variola virus | Monkeypox virus | Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) |
Severity | Highly severe, often fatal | Milder than smallpox, rarely fatal | Mild |
Status | Eradicated in 1980 | Endemic in Central and West Africa, cases emerging elsewhere | Common childhood illness, less common due to vaccination |
Transmission | Highly contagious through respiratory droplets and contact with infected lesions | Spread through contact with infected animals, lesions, or bodily fluids | Highly contagious through respiratory droplets and contact with lesions |
Symptoms | Fever, headache, severe fatigue, vomiting, followed by a deep-seated, pus-filled rash | Fever, headache, swollen lymph nodes, followed by a rash that progresses through stages | Fever, fatigue, loss of appetite, followed by an itchy, fluid-filled rash |
Vaccination | No longer needed | Not routinely recommended, may be given to high-risk individuals | Routine vaccination for children and adults who haven’t had chickenpox |
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