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In the ever-evolving digital age, internet governance has become a crucial area of global policy,

In the study of biodiversity and marine biology, two fascinating species of gobies, Hemigobius hoevenii

The Indian Sustainable Natural Rubber (iSNR) Platform is a framework designed to promote the production

The Trajan Gun, though not widely recognized by many in popular discussions on historical weaponry,

The Chincholi Wildlife Sanctuary is a lesser-known yet significant wildlife sanctuary located in the state

In the modern world, where the need for holistic understanding of complex concepts is paramount,

The relationship between the University Grants Commission (UGC) regulations and state university laws represents an

The World Economic Forum (WEF) is a global platform that brings together leaders from governments,

The National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) is India’s specialized disaster response agency, established to provide

The World Employment and Social Outlook (WESO) is an annual flagship report published by the

The Indian Grey Wolf (Canis lupus pallipes), a subspecies of the Grey Wolf, is a

The Great Barrier Reef (GBR) is the world’s largest coral reef system, located off the

The Krishna River, one of the most significant rivers in peninsular India, holds immense cultural,

Lake Naivasha is one of the most prominent freshwater lakes in the Rift Valley of

The National Turmeric Board (NTB) is an important institution dedicated to the promotion and development

The term Sada has varied meanings in different cultural, linguistic, and geographical contexts.

The Falcated Duck (Mareca falcata) is a fascinating species of duck that is native to

The Purulia Observatory, located in Purulia district in West Bengal, is an important astronomical research

The Telecom Technology Development Fund (TTDF) is a significant initiative launched by the Indian government

Located in the serene and scenic region of Himachal Pradesh, India, Shikari Devi Wildlife Sanctuary

Zombie Deer Disease, also known as Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD), is a prion-based disease that

The National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources (NBFGR), an integral research institute under the Indian

The Bhargavastra is a significant weapon from Indian mythology, particularly known from the ancient scriptures

The Pavana River, an important river in Maharashtra, plays a crucial role in the state’s

The Nag Mk 2 Missile, developed by the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) of

As the world shifts toward advanced defense technologies, India is progressively enhancing its defense capabilities

India, home to the world’s largest population of tigers, has made significant strides in tiger

India, as a growing global economic powerhouse, is increasingly focused on advancing its sustainability and

Makaravilakku is one of the most significant religious and cultural festivals celebrated in the southern

Diego Garcia, a small island located in the central Indian Ocean, is part of the

Mission Mausam is an ambitious initiative launched by the Government of India to foster deeper

Small Language Models (SLMs) are a category of natural language processing (NLP) models that are

The Israel-Hamas conflict has been one of the longest-running and most complex geopolitical struggles of

The India-Bangladesh border spans approximately 4,096 kilometers, making it India’s longest international boundary.

India, with its vast geographical diversity, is highly vulnerable to natural catastrophes.

The India Meteorological Department (IMD), established in 1875, celebrated its 150th anniversary in 2025.

The H-1B visa has long been a critical pillar of India’s economic engagement with the

India’s agricultural sector is the backbone of its economy, contributing significantly to GDP and ensuring

Forest-dwelling communities have lived in harmony with nature for centuries, relying on forests for their

The Z-Morh Tunnel, recently inaugurated by the Prime Minister, marks a significant milestone in India’s

Elephants have long been revered in Indian culture, symbolizing strength, wisdom, and prosperity.

The concept of masculinity has long been shrouded in stereotypes and expectations, often limiting men

The All India Survey on Higher Education (AISHE) is a significant initiative by the Ministry

The introduction of the Goods and Services Tax (GST) in India on July 1, 2017,

The advent of 5G technology is a defining moment in India’s digital transformation.

The Corruption Perception Index (CPI) is a globally recognized measure of public sector corruption across

Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive neurological disorder that leads to the degeneration and death of

Gold has always held a significant place in India’s economy, culture, and trade dynamics.

India has been one of the fastest-growing economies in the world over the past few

The unveiling of genome data for 10,000 Indians by the Prime Minister marked a historic

The Pravasi Bharatiya Divas (PBD) is an important event that commemorates the contribution of the

Accessibility is a cornerstone of inclusivity and equality.

India, being an agrarian economy, has a significant reliance on agriculture for employment, food security,

India is the world’s largest producer of milk, and its dairy industry plays a pivotal

In an era where urbanization often leads to chaotic lifestyles and unsustainable practices, Gelephu Mindfulness

Pterosaurs, often referred to as “flying reptiles,” were among the most fascinating creatures of the

The Constitution Day of India, observed annually on 26th November, marks the day in 1949

Innovation and entrepreneurship are the backbones of economic growth in the modern world.

Farm fires, particularly in agricultural regions like northern India, are a critical issue that has

India, like many other nations, has been running a trade deficit for a significant period.

The Preamble to the Indian Constitution has been the subject of numerous interpretations and debates,

The Constituent Assembly was formed in 1946 to draft India’s Constitution, following the end of

In a significant development, 52 villages have alleged violations of the Scheduled Tribes and Other

The death of three tigers from avian influenza (H5N1) has put zoos across the globe

Arunachal Pradesh, known for its cultural diversity and pristine landscapes, recently stirred debate by reviving

Badge engineering, or rebadging, is a practice in the automotive industry where a single car

Migrant workers are the backbone of several economies, yet they remain among the most vulnerable

In recent years, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has made groundbreaking strides in several

The Indus Valley script consists of inscriptions found on seals, pottery, tools, and tablets from

The easing of curbs by the United States to facilitate a nuclear deal signifies a

In a remote village in Rajasthan, water gushed out unexpectedly from underground, creating a natural

The collegium system is a mechanism used for the appointment and transfer of judges in

The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) measures the total economic output of a country within a

An earthquake is the sudden shaking of the Earth caused by the release of energy

India’s governance and law enforcement systems are continuously evolving to address the challenges of public

Mining, particularly coal mining, has been a significant contributor to India’s industrial growth and energy

The position of a Vice-Chancellor (VC) is one of immense responsibility and influence in the

Redistribution of wealth refers to policies and mechanisms designed to transfer wealth from richer sections

The CISF is a Central Armed Police Force (CAPF) under the Ministry of Home Affairs,

Covishield is a viral vector vaccine developed by AstraZeneca in collaboration with Oxford University.

Climate change is not just an environmental issue but a socio-economic challenge affecting livelihoods, employment,

Fundamental Rights (Part III of the Constitution) ensure individual liberty, while DPSPs (Part IV) aim

The MAT Release System is a hybrid defense technology combining the speed of missile systems

The Federal Reserve, commonly referred to as the Fed, is the central banking system of

Article 361 is a crucial part of the Constitution that extends certain immunities to the

The Wholesale Price Index (WPI) is a critical economic indicator used to track the changes

The regulatory framework surrounding genetically modified (GM) crops in India has undergone significant updates with

The evolution of technology has made the world increasingly interconnected, and this connectivity has now

The Winter Char Dham refers to the pilgrimage centers in Uttarakhand where idols from the

Fertilizers are a cornerstone of India’s agricultural economy, ensuring productivity and food security for over

The termination of Russian gas transit through Ukraine marks a critical juncture in global geopolitics,

India’s agrarian economy is vulnerable to climate change, erratic weather, and natural calamities.

The prison system in India is governed by the Prisons Act of 1894 and the

The Tobacco Board of India is a statutory body established under the Tobacco Board Act,

1. Introduction to UDISE+ What is UDISE+? The United District Information System for Education (UDISE+)

Di-Ammonium Phosphate (DAP) is a high-concentration phosphorus fertilizer. It is a water-soluble, nitrogen-phosphorus compound that

The study of flora, especially endemic and rare species, is an integral part of topics

The Shendurney Wildlife Sanctuary, nestled in the Western Ghats, is a treasure trove of biodiversity

The National e-Governance Awards are presented annually by the Government of India through the Department

The Central Ground Water Board (CGWB) is a scientific organization under the Ministry of Jal

The Brazilian Velvet Ant (scientific name: Dasymutilla spp.) is part of the Mutillidae family, which

Melatonin is a hormone that plays a crucial role in regulating sleep-wake cycles, also known

Banana cultivation holds a significant place in India’s agricultural economy.

Telegram CEO Pavel Durov Arrested in Paris on Serious Charges: A Comprehensive Guide for UPSC

The Supreme Court of India’s decision to grant bail to Bharat Rashtra Samithi (BRS) leader

Migration is a critical socio-economic phenomenon in India, driven by diverse factors such as employment

India’s foreign policy, guided by the principles of strategic autonomy, peaceful coexistence, and economic diplomacy,

Inflation, the sustained rise in the general price level of goods and services, is a

Lothal, an important site of the Indus Valley Civilization, offers a fascinating glimpse into India’s

Dr. Manmohan Singh, one of India’s most renowned economists and former Prime Minister, is often

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) recently constituted a panel to explore the adoption of

The Prime Minister’s Citizen Assistance and Relief in Emergency Situations (PM CARES) Fund has been

The trends in food expenditure are a crucial component of economic and social studies, offering

GPS Spoofing refers to the deliberate transmission of false GPS signals in order to deceive

The Sambar Deer (Rusa unicolor) is one of the largest deer species found in South

The Kamarajar Port, formerly known as Ennore Port, is one of India’s major ports and

Exercise SURYA KIRAN is a prominent joint military exercise conducted between India and Nepal.

The Teesta River, often referred to as the “Lifeline of Sikkim,” is one of the

PM-ABHIM is a centrally sponsored scheme designed to address the gaps in India’s healthcare system

The FREE-AI Committee (Framework for Responsible and Ethical AI) represents a critical step in addressing

The International Day of Epidemic Preparedness is observed every year on December 27 to highlight

The Denmark Strait Cataract is one of the most fascinating and least-known natural phenomena in

The Denmark Strait Cataract is one of the most fascinating and least-known natural phenomena in

The Real Effective Exchange Rate (REER) is a weighted average of a country’s currency relative

Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative, microaerophilic bacterium that resides in the stomach lining.

The National Rainfed Area Authority (NRAA) was established in 2006 as an advisory body under

The term “JIGYASA” translates to curiosity, which forms the cornerstone of this program.

The Coringa Wildlife Sanctuary is a mangrove forest ecosystem near the Godavari River delta, serving

Biodiversity credits are market-based instruments that assign monetary value to the preservation and restoration of

The Canary Islands, an archipelago off the northwest coast of Africa, is a region rich

The Upper Siang Hydropower Project is a proposed hydropower development on the Siang River, known

Sea otters (Enhydra lutris), native to the North Pacific Ocean, play a critical ecological role

The Household Consumption Expenditure Survey (HCES) is a critical statistical exercise conducted to understand the

LignoSat, an innovative satellite made from wood, represents a significant advancement in the realm of

Papua New Guinea (PNG) is a fascinating country with a unique blend of natural beauty,

Iron Beam, an advanced laser-based air defense system, represents the future of modern warfare and

Alstonia scholaris, commonly known as the Blackboard Tree, Saptaparni, or Devil’s Tree, is a significant

Hydrogel is a term increasingly associated with advancements in science and technology, particularly in fields

Turtle Wildlife Sanctuaries are critical components of India’s wildlife conservation efforts, focusing on the protection

The Indian Green Building Council (IGBC) is an influential organization in India that promotes sustainable

A transponder is a key component in communication and electronic systems, especially in aerospace, satellite

Tuberculosis is a bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, primarily affecting the lungs (pulmonary TB),

The universe is a vast, mysterious expanse filled with phenomena that challenge human understanding.

The Zero Debris Charter represents a global initiative aimed at addressing the increasing problem of

The Viksit Panchayat Karmayogi Initiative is a landmark program launched by the Government of India

Lesotho, often referred to as the “Kingdom in the Sky,” is a small, landlocked country

Ocean Anoxic Event 1a (OAE 1a) refers to a significant geological and environmental episode that

Mammoths, the extinct relatives of modern elephants, are among the most iconic creatures of the

The Golden Visa Programme is a residency-by-investment initiative implemented by several countries worldwide to attract

Mitochondria are often referred to as the “powerhouses of the cell” because they generate energy

India has a rich and diverse fisheries sector encompassing marine, inland, and aquaculture systems.

China’s ambitious hydropower project, known as the Three Gorges Dam, represents a massive infrastructural endeavor

In a historic and meaningful step, Prime Minister Narendra Modi has emphasized the importance of

India is a country of diverse cultures, languages, and geographies, where migration—both internal (domestic) and

The Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI) is a critical governmental body in India

Obstructive Sleep Apnoea (OSA) is a common but often undiagnosed medical condition that affects millions

India’s legal landscape has evolved over the years in response to social, political, and economic

The Ken-Betwa Link Project (KBLP) is a significant part of India’s ambitious National Perspective Plan

Quantum computing is an emerging and transformative field that promises to revolutionize industries ranging from

The 1924 Belgaum Congress Session holds significant importance in the history of the Indian freedom

The relationship between law enforcement agencies and citizens’ fundamental rights is a complex and evolving

In recent years, India has placed significant emphasis on boosting its self-reliance in critical sectors

Greenland, the world’s largest island, is a territory of Denmark situated in the North Atlantic

The California Ground Squirrel (Otospermophilus beecheyi), a small rodent native to western North America, is

The Lion-Tailed Macaque (Macaca silenus) is one of the most endangered primates in the world

The Annual Survey of Unincorporated Sector Enterprises (ASUSE) is a critical initiative undertaken by the

The Pradhan Mantri Rashtriya Bal Puraskar (PMRBP) is India’s highest civilian honor for children, recognizing

Archaea, one of the three domains of life, represents a group of single-celled microorganisms distinct

Quantum computing represents the frontier of modern technology, promising to revolutionize fields ranging from cryptography

Kilauea Volcano, located on the Big Island of Hawaii, is one of the most active

The office of the Governor is one of the pivotal constitutional positions in Indian polity.

The Sahitya Akademi Award is a literary honor given annually by the Sahitya Akademi, which

Space Docking refers to the process where two spacecraft rendezvous and physically connect in orbit.

The Panama Canal is a 82 km (51-mile) artificial waterway in Panama that cuts across

A speed gun is a handheld or mounted device used to measure the speed of

The Vice President of India holds a significant constitutional position, acting as the second-highest authority

A green deposit is a type of fixed deposit offered by financial institutions, wherein the

Simlipal Tiger Reserve (STR) is one of India’s premier tiger habitats, known for its rich

In the digital age, users interact with a wide range of platforms, from e-commerce websites

The Rann Utsav, celebrated annually in the white desert of Kutch, Gujarat, is a unique

Aerogels are fascinating materials that have captured the imagination of scientists, engineers, and innovators worldwide.

India’s security, disaster management, and strategic initiatives often involve intricate and well-coordinated operations.

Migration schemes play a crucial role in addressing global labor market needs, fostering international cooperation,

Mealworm larvae, the immature stage of the darkling beetle (Tenebrio molitor), are gaining prominence globally

With increasing dependence on digital technologies for healthcare solutions, the ‘Know Your Medicine’ App emerges

The Solomon Islands, a remote archipelago in the South Pacific, hold significant strategic, environmental, and

The SMILE (Support for Marginalized Individuals for Livelihood and Enterprise) Programme is an initiative of

Diseases play a significant role in public health, economic development, and societal well-being.

Advancements in genetic research have transformed our understanding of biology, medicine, and agriculture.

Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) are crucial instruments of international trade that aim to facilitate economic

In recent years, advancements in construction technologies have revolutionized the way infrastructure is planned, executed,

The Denali Fault is a major geological feature in Alaska, United States, known for its

The India State of Forest Report (ISFR) is a comprehensive biennial publication by the Forest

Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) gained worldwide attention during the COVID-19 pandemic as a potential treatment.

Quantum satellites represent a leap in the fields of secure communication, cryptography, and quantum computing.

India’s governance framework rests not only on its three traditional branches—executive, legislature, and judiciary—but also

India and Kuwait, with a shared history of economic, cultural, and diplomatic ties, have recently

In an era marked by rapid technological advancements, concerns over privacy, security, and surveillance have

The value of the Indian Rupee (INR) against the US Dollar (USD) is a critical

The Government of India’s recent amendment to election rules, which restricts access to certain poll

The India State of Forest Report (ISFR) 2023 is a vital document released by the

The Ganges River Dolphin, also known as the Susu (Platanista gangetica), is one of the

The interplay between global monetary policy, particularly the US Federal Reserve’s guidance, and the value

The Supreme Court of India’s ruling declaring coconut oil as an edible oil has significant

The reimposition of the Protected Area Permit (PAP) in the northeastern states of Manipur, Nagaland,

Subsidies play a critical role in the economic and social development of a country, ensuring

As the world becomes increasingly reliant on technology, cybersecurity threats have emerged as critical concerns

Varmam Therapy is a unique and ancient Indian healing practice rooted in Tamil Nadu’s traditional

Calyptocephallela gayi, commonly known as the Chilean Giant Frog or Helmeted Water Toad, is a

The Eastern Maritime Corridor is envisioned as a key infrastructure initiative designed to enhance India’s

The National Green Tribunal (NGT) is a specialized judicial body in India, established for the

India’s reservation system is one of the most debated and significant features of its social

The Uniform Civil Code (UCC) remains one of the most debated and contentious issues in

India-Sri Lanka relations are shaped by geographical proximity, shared cultural heritage, and mutual strategic interests.

The climate of India is heavily influenced by global climatic phenomena, one of which is

Greenwashing, a term coined to describe the act of misleading the public about the environmental

Exercise SLINEX is a bilateral naval exercise between the Indian Navy and the Sri Lankan

Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive lung disease characterized by the thickening and

The Credit Guarantee Scheme for e-NWR (electronic Negotiable Warehouse Receipt) based pledge financing is a

Morocco, located in the northwestern corner of Africa, is a country of great historical, cultural,

The CHARAK Initiative is an innovative program aimed at enhancing healthcare delivery, particularly in remote

The CPTPP is a multilateral free trade agreement that evolved from the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP)

The judiciary in India is an independent and impartial institution, fundamental to upholding the rule

Understanding chemical compounds and their applications is essential for UPSC aspirants, particularly those preparing for

India’s maritime strength is a cornerstone of its strategic capabilities, with the Indian Navy playing

India, often referred to as the “diabetes capital of the world,” has been grappling with

Learn about the DAE Homi Bhabha Chair Scheme, a prestigious initiative fostering nuclear research excellence

Explore the Malwa Canal Project’s history, objectives, and impact on irrigation, agriculture, and rural development

Explore Sultanpur National Park’s rich biodiversity, migratory birds, and conservation efforts. A vital wetland ecosystem

Kaleshwaram Lift Irrigation Project (KLIP) – A Comprehensive Overview The Kaleshwaram Lift Irrigation Project (KLIP)

India’s maritime infrastructure is a critical component of its economic growth and global connectivity.

Lothal, an important archaeological site of the Indus Valley Civilization (IVC), holds immense significance for

Notre-Dame Cathedral, one of the most iconic structures in the world, is a masterpiece of

Aortic stenosis is a medical condition that has significant implications for public health, healthcare policies,

Bromalites are fascinating trace fossils that offer a glimpse into the diets and digestive processes

The study of stars and celestial bodies is an essential aspect of understanding the universe

Exercise AGNI WARRIOR is a bilateral military exercise between the armies of India and Singapore.

Lonar Lake, located in the Buldhana district of Maharashtra, is one of India’s most remarkable

Moths are fascinating insects that play crucial ecological roles as pollinators, prey, and indicators of

Crohn’s Disease is a chronic inflammatory condition that primarily affects the digestive tract, falling under

The Arctic, often referred to as the planet’s “air conditioner,” plays a critical role in

Air quality is a pressing concern globally, with urbanization, industrialization, and vehicular emissions leading to

The Athlete Biological Passport (ABP) is a cutting-edge anti-doping tool employed in modern sports to

Air pollution is a critical environmental issue that has severe implications for public health, the

The Places of Worship (Special Provisions) Act, 1991 is a significant piece of legislation in

In an era defined by global interconnectedness and rapid advancements in science, one of the

The Disaster Management (Amendment) Bill, 2024, introduced in the Lok Sabha, aims to refine the

India’s journey as a space-faring nation is a remarkable story of determination, innovation, and the

Gene therapy has emerged as a groundbreaking solution in the field of medical science, offering

The Lok Sabha recently approved the Railways (Amendment) Bill, 2024, marking a significant legislative step

The World Malaria Report 2024, released by the World Health Organization (WHO), provides a comprehensive

The term “ghost gun” has gained global attention in recent years due to its implications

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI), as the central banking institution, plays a crucial role

The International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) is an international financial institution and a specialized

Chinnaswami Subramania Bharati, widely known as Subramania Bharati, was one of the most prominent Indian

Introduction The India Skills Report (ISR) 2025 is a significant document that provides valuable insights

In India, the taxation system is a fundamental part of the economy, and as such,

In the contemporary world, the phrase “AgeXtend” refers to products or practices designed to slow

In an era marked by climate change, environmental degradation, and rapid urbanization, the need for

In the age of globalization, where mass production and consumerism often lead to a homogenization

In today’s world, the proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) devices and the demand for

The radioactive diamond battery is an innovative technology that has the potential to transform the

The Consumer Confidence Survey (CCS) is a vital instrument for assessing public perception of economic

The power to pardon is a constitutional prerogative vested in the heads of state in

Snakebites are a significant public health issue in India, causing thousands of deaths and disabilities

The judiciary is a cornerstone of democracy, tasked with upholding the rule of law and

The Female Labour Force Participation Rate (FLFPR) is a critical metric that reflects the economic

India’s journey into space exploration is a testament to its scientific innovation, technological advancements, and

The Laysan Albatross (scientific name: Phoebastria immutabilis) is a large seabird primarily found in the

The Anamalai Tiger Reserve (ATR) is one of India’s significant protected areas, known for its

Kawasaki Disease (KD), also known as Kawasaki Syndrome, is an acute inflammatory condition that primarily

Sacred groves are patches of forested areas traditionally protected by local communities due to their

The Jhelum River, a vital waterway in the Indian subcontinent, holds immense historical, geographical, cultural,

The Indira Gandhi Peace Prize, officially known as the Indira Gandhi Prize for Peace, Disarmament,

The Nicobarese are one of the indigenous tribes of the Nicobar Islands, an archipelago in

The Khorlochu Hydropower Project in Bhutan is an example of sustainable energy production in the

The Markhor (Capra falconeri), known as the “screw-horn goat,” is one of the most iconic

The Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) Initial Public Offering (IPO) market has gained prominence in

Tungsten, a critical strategic metal, has gained attention in India due to its increasing demand

The Syrian Civil War, which began in 2011 as part of the broader Arab Spring

The Nicobarese are one of the indigenous groups inhabiting the Nicobar Islands, located in the

The Oilfields (Regulation and Development) Amendment Bill, 2024, represents a significant step in India’s energy

Droughts have historically posed significant challenges to agriculture, water resources, and ecosystems, especially in regions

The Punatsangchhu-II Hydropower Project (P-II HEP) is one of the most significant hydropower ventures in

India, with its vast and diverse population, faces the dual challenge of enhancing employability and

Located in the picturesque state of Assam, the Sonai-Rupai Wildlife Sanctuary is a haven for

The Anna Chakra, also known as the Food Cycle, is a term often used to

Drylands, characterized by arid, semi-arid, and dry sub-humid regions, cover approximately 41% of the Earth’s

In today’s interconnected world, submarine cables form the backbone of global communication and data transfer.

Lake-effect snow is a fascinating weather phenomenon that occurs when cold air masses move over

The Hornbill Festival, often referred to as the “Festival of Festivals,” is a week-long celebration

The collapse of a government can often serve as a turning point in a country’s

The Hornbill Festival of Nagaland is one of the most prominent cultural festivals of India,

Here’s an overview of recent key announcements by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) from

India’s judiciary, particularly the Supreme Court, has long been grappling with a significant backlog of

India’s Pro-Active Governance and Timely Implementation (PRAGATI) is a pioneering e-governance platform designed to improve

The Atmanirbhar Clean Plant Programme (ACPP) is a pioneering initiative by the Government of India

The International Day of Persons with Disabilities (IDPD) is observed annually on December 3 to

Chronic Pulmonary Aspergillosis (CPA) is a long-term fungal infection caused by the Aspergillus species, particularly

Pro-Active Governance and Timely Implementation (PRAGATI) is a unique, multi-purpose, and multi-modal governance platform designed

The National Housing Bank (NHB) is the apex financial institution in India established to promote

Jim Corbett National Park, established in 1936, is the oldest national park in India.

Exercise Harimau Shakti is a bilateral military exercise between India and Malaysia.

The Asia-Oceania Meteorological Satellite Users’ Conference was established to foster collaboration and information exchange among

Food safety and public health are integral to the governance of any nation.

The Nazca Lines are one of the most fascinating and mysterious cultural heritage sites in

The concept of Global One-Stop Centres (OSCs) stems from efforts to provide holistic, survivor-centric support

The International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD) launched the Air Quality Dashboard to address

The Subabul tree (Leucaena leucocephala) is a fast-growing, nitrogen-fixing, multipurpose species of immense economic and

The Aravalli Green Wall Project is an ambitious environmental initiative aimed at combating land degradation,

The Ayush Oushadhi Gunvatta Evam Uttpadan Samvardhan Yojana (AOGUSY) is a Central Sector Scheme launched

The Linen Inspection and Sorting Assistant System (LISA) is an AI-powered innovation developed for the

The Oilfields (Regulation and Development) Amendment Bill, 2024, introduced in the Rajya Sabha, seeks to

The Banking Laws (Amendment) Bill, 2024, introduced in the Lok Sabha on August 9, 2024,

The PM Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana, launched on February 13, 2024, is a landmark

The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989 (commonly referred to as

Madhav National Park, located in the Shivpuri district of Madhya Pradesh, India, is one of

The Urban Infrastructure Development Fund (UIDF) was announced in the Union Budget 2023-24 to support

Varkala, a coastal town in Kerala, is renowned for its serene beaches, religious significance, and

The Red-Breasted Flycatcher (Ficedula parva) is a small migratory bird that captivates birdwatchers and ecologists

Cyclones are one of the most destructive natural phenomena, causing widespread damage to life, property,

The participation of women in the workforce is a critical determinant of a nation’s economic

In a landmark judgment, the Supreme Court of India has mandated the requirement of prior

Ajmer Sharif Dargah, located in Ajmer, Rajasthan, is one of the most significant spiritual and

The Prime Minister of India recently attended the 59th All India Conference of Director Generals

The judiciary plays a pivotal role in upholding the rule of law, ensuring justice, and

The Sambhal Mosque dispute is a recent addition to India’s long history of religious and

After gaining independence on August 15, 1947, India embarked on an ambitious journey to frame

Religious conversion is a complex and sensitive issue in India, given its multi-religious fabric.

The Constituent Assembly, formed in December 1946, was tasked with drafting the Constitution of India.

The phrase “Between Hope and Hurdles on the High Seas” captures the essence of the

The National Mission on Natural Farming (NMNF) is a key initiative launched by the Government

The PAN 2.0 Project is an ambitious initiative by the Government of India aimed at

The One Nation, One Subscription (ONOS) Scheme is a transformative initiative aimed at democratizing access

The National Gopal Ratna Award is one of the most prestigious awards in the Indian

Raja Raja Chola I (985–1014 CE) was one of the most illustrious rulers of the

Samos, a picturesque island in the eastern Aegean Sea, holds a unique place in history,

Urbanization is a defining feature of the 21st century, and cities are increasingly becoming the

Pterosaurs, often referred to as “flying reptiles,” were a diverse group of extinct vertebrates that

India celebrates Constitution Day on November 26th every year to honor the adoption of its

Innovation and entrepreneurship are the cornerstones of progress in any society.

Air pollution is a pressing issue in India, particularly during the winter months when incidents

A trade deficit occurs when a country’s imports exceed its exports.

The Constituent Assembly was formed under the Cabinet Mission Plan of 1946.

The Constituent Assembly was formed under the Cabinet Mission Plan of 1946.

India’s cooperative movement is one of the largest and most successful globally, playing a pivotal

The ASEAN Defence Ministers’ Meeting-Plus (ADMM-Plus) is a vital platform for fostering cooperation and dialogue

Trishna Wildlife Sanctuary, located in the northeastern state of Tripura, India, is a biodiversity hotspot

The Reykjanes Peninsula, located in southwest Iceland, is a geologically active region of immense scientific

The Arkavathi River, a vital yet often overlooked watercourse in southern India, is a tributary

Nano Urea is a groundbreaking innovation in the field of agriculture, specifically in crop nutrition.

Solar Energy Corporation of India Ltd. (SECI) is a public sector undertaking (PSU) established under

Pobitora Wildlife Sanctuary, established in 1987, is located in the Morigaon district of Assam, approximately

Pobitora Wildlife Sanctuary, located in the northeastern state of Assam, India, is one of the

The Eastern Imperial Eagle (Aquila heliaca) is a majestic bird of prey, renowned for its

Chagas disease, also known as American trypanosomiasis, is a potentially life-threatening illness caused by a

The Dibang Multi-Purpose Hydro Power Project (DMHP) is a significant and ambitious energy initiative being

Whales are some of the most remarkable creatures in the marine ecosystem, and their study

Nafithromycin is a relatively lesser-known antibiotic that belongs to the macrolide class of drugs.

The Jobs at Your Doorstep report, launched by the Indian government, is an essential initiative

The Veer Gatha Project is a remarkable initiative by the Indian government to acknowledge and

Compressed Biogas (CBG) is a clean and renewable alternative to conventional fossil fuels, which have

Methanol poisoning is a serious public health issue that poses significant risks to human health.

Guru Tegh Bahadur, the ninth Guru of Sikhism, stands as a towering figure in Indian

Phytoplankton, the microscopic algae that float in the upper layers of aquatic ecosystems, play a

The term “Megalithic” refers to large stone structures or monuments used in prehistoric times, primarily

The Reang tribe, also known as Bru, is an indigenous tribal community of India, predominantly

Kyasanur Forest Disease is caused by the Kyasanur Forest Disease Virus (KFDV), a member of

Antlions belong to the family Myrmeleontidae within the order Neuroptera, a group of insects characterized

The Dongfeng-100 (DF-100), also known as the CJ-100, is a strategic supersonic cruise missile system

The CBSE Merit Scholarship Scheme for Single Girl Child is a unique initiative by the

Lakshadweep is a Union Territory of India comprising a group of 36 islands, located in

The Andaman and Nicobar Islands are a group of islands located at the southeastern edge

The Eastern Coastal Plains of India extend along the eastern coast of the country, bordering

India’s Western Coastal Plains stretch along the Arabian Sea, running from Gujarat in the north

The Western Ghats, also known as the Sahyadri Hills, is a mountain range that runs

The Thar Desert stretches over approximately 200,000 square kilometers and covers nearly 60% of the

The Peninsular Plateau, also known as the Deccan Plateau, is a vast and ancient landmass

The Aravalli Range, also known as the “backbone of Rajasthan,” is one of the oldest

Alluvial soil is formed from the sediments deposited by rivers as they flow through plains

The Shivalik Range, also known as the “Outer Himalaya” or “Lower Himalaya,” lies at the

The Great Northern Plains of India are among the most fertile regions in the world,

The Middle Himalaya runs parallel to the Great Himalaya and Shivalik ranges, forming an intermediate

The Great Himalaya Range, with an average altitude of 6,000 meters, stretches over 2,400 kilometers

The Purvanchal Mountains, also referred to as the Eastern Hills, are the easternmost extension of

The Trans-Himalayan region comprises some of the most rugged and geologically significant mountain ranges in

Loktak Lake, located in the northeastern state of Manipur, India, is one of the most

Glaciers are enormous masses of ice that move slowly over land, formed from compacted layers

India, with its vast and diverse topography, is home to numerous glaciers, especially in the

Launched in July 2015, the Skill India program is a flagship initiative of the Government

Launched in October 2023, the PM-Mithra Yojana (PMMY) is a flagship initiative of the Government

The Make in India initiative, launched in September 2014 by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, aims

Niti Aayog, established in 2015, is the premier policy think tank of the Government of

Thermal electricity generation plays a significant role in India’s energy landscape.

Hydropower is a renewable source of energy that harnesses the power of flowing water to

Solar electricity, derived from sunlight, is a clean, renewable source of energy that plays a

The MSMED Act, 2006 was enacted by the Indian government to promote and facilitate the

Maharatna Public Sector Enterprises (PSEs) are the highest echelon among India’s PSEs, representing the most

Public Sector Enterprises (PSEs) have been pivotal in shaping India’s industrial landscape, providing infrastructure, services,

Public Sector Enterprises (PSEs) play a crucial role in India’s economic development, particularly in areas

The sugarcane industry is a cornerstone of India’s agricultural and industrial sectors.

The Iron and Steel industry is one of India’s core sectors, serving as the foundation

India’s cotton industry is one of the oldest in the world, playing a critical role

The aluminum industry in India plays a vital role in the country’s industrial landscape.

The cement industry in India is one of the country’s primary industries, fundamental to infrastructure

The 1991 Industrial Policy of India marks a major milestone in the country’s economic history,

The 1980 Industrial Policy of India represented a recalibration of previous industrial policies, aiming to

The 1973 Industrial Policy in India was a critical step in continuing to refine and

The 1973 Industrial Policy in India was a critical step in continuing to refine and

The Industrial Policy of 1969 was a significant revision in India’s approach to industrial development.

The Industrial Policy Resolution of 1956 is a landmark document in India’s economic history.

The Industrial Policy Resolution of 1948 marked the first significant step by the Government of

Gold, known for its intrinsic value and aesthetic appeal, has been a significant part of

Copper is one of the most important non-ferrous metals used globally, known for its excellent

Manganese ore is a crucial mineral for the steel industry and various other sectors.

Manganese ore is a crucial raw material used in steel production and various industrial processes.

Iron ore is one of the essential raw materials used in steel production, a fundamental

India holds significant reserves of iron ore, which is a fundamental raw material in the

India is one of the largest consumers of oil in the world, heavily dependent on

Hydroelectric power, generated by harnessing the energy from flowing or falling water, is a crucial

Coal is a vital natural resource, primarily used as fuel for electricity generation and industrial

India ranks among the top five coal producers globally and relies on coal for around

Volcanoes are fascinating geological structures that serve as conduits for molten rock, gases, and other

The theory of isostasy is a fundamental concept in geology that explains the equilibrium of

Plate tectonic theory is a unifying concept in geology that explains the structure and motion

The concept of continental drift is one of the cornerstone theories in geology and earth

Earth formed approximately 4.5 billion years ago from dust and gas surrounding the young Sun.

The Midnight Sun is a fascinating natural phenomenon where the Sun remains visible at midnight,

Understanding the major historical events worldwide is critical for UPSC aspirants, as these events have

Jute, often referred to as the “Golden Fiber,” is a crucial natural fiber crop in

Rice is India’s most crucial staple food, with the country being one of the largest

Wheat is one of India’s staple food grains and a critical crop for ensuring food

Maize, also known as corn, is one of the most versatile crops in India, serving

Cotton is one of India’s most significant cash crops, playing a crucial role in the

Sugarcane is one of the most important cash crops in India, a major source of

Tobacco is a significant commercial crop in India, contributing to agricultural income, employment, and export

Agricultural classification is a systematic way to categorize different agricultural practices based on climatic conditions,

Agro Climatic Zones are regions characterized by specific climatic conditions, soil types, and topography that

The Central Business District (CBD) Model is a key concept in urban geography and planning

Walt Rostow, an American economist and political theorist, introduced the Stages of Economic Growth model

The Heartland Theory was developed by British geographer Sir Halford Mackinder in the early 20th

Viticulture is the cultivation and harvesting of grapes, primarily for winemaking, but also for producing

The Silver Revolution refers to the remarkable growth and expansion of egg production in India,

The Brown Revolution is a term used to describe the agricultural movement aimed at boosting

The White Revolution, also known as Operation Flood, was a landmark initiative that transformed India

The International Date Line (IDL) is an imaginary line on the Earth’s surface that primarily

The Yellow Revolution refers to India’s efforts to increase the production of edible oils, particularly

The concept of the parallelism of the Earth’s axis refers to the constant alignment of

The Green Revolution refers to the period in the 1960s and 1970s when India transformed

Earth’s revolution is the movement of our planet around the Sun in an elliptical orbit.

The Rainbow Revolution is a collective term that represents India’s multi-dimensional approach to achieving self-sufficiency

Bt cotton is a genetically modified (GM) cotton variety engineered to be resistant to certain

Cloning technology involves creating identical copies of a biological entity through biological processes, cell culture,

Understanding the Earth’s rotation is fundamental for UPSC aspirants, as it plays a significant role

Understanding the Earth’s inner structure is fundamental in geology and geophysics, playing a crucial role

A Comprehensive Overview for UPSC Aspirants, The Geologic Time Scale (GTS) is a system of

The Red Fort, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is one of the most significant historical

The Red Fort Complex is one of the most iconic symbols of India’s rich historical