Cannabis, a plant with medicinal, industrial, and recreational uses, has been cultivated for centuries. In India, its controlled cultivation is a topic of great significance, considering the legal, economic, and environmental aspects. For UPSC aspirants, understanding cannabis cultivation involves knowing its history, legal framework, agricultural practices, and socio-economic impact.
Cannabis has been used in India for thousands of years, with references in ancient texts like the Atharva Veda. While traditional use was widespread, colonial regulations and post-independence drug laws placed restrictions on its cultivation. The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (NDPS) Act, 1985, classified cannabis as a controlled substance, limiting its production to government-authorized regions.
Cannabis cultivation in India is governed by the NDPS Act and state-specific policies. While the act prohibits the production and sale of cannabis resin and flowers, it allows regulated cultivation of its leaves and seeds for medicinal and research purposes. States like Uttarakhand and Madhya Pradesh have permitted controlled cannabis cultivation, focusing on its industrial and medical applications.
Key aspects of controlled cultivation:
Cannabis is a hardy plant that requires well-drained soil and moderate climatic conditions. The following are key agricultural factors for its controlled cultivation:
1. Climate and Soil Requirements
Thrives in temperate and subtropical climates.
Requires well-drained loamy soil with a pH of 6.0–7.5.
Optimal growth temperature: 15°C–30°C.
2. Propagation and Cultivation Techniques
Grown from seeds or clones, depending on the variety.
Requires moderate irrigation with drip or sprinkler systems.
Organic farming techniques are encouraged to maintain soil fertility.
3. Disease and Pest Management
Common pests include aphids, spider mites, and whiteflies.
Organic pesticides and biocontrol measures are preferred.
Crop rotation and companion planting help maintain soil health.
Controlled cannabis cultivation is primarily focused on industrial hemp and medicinal cannabis.
1. Industrial Hemp
Used in textiles, biodegradable plastics, paper, and biofuels.
Has low tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) content (<0.3%).
Legal in several Indian states under government regulation.
2. Medicinal Cannabis
Contains cannabinoids like cannabidiol (CBD) and THC, used for treating chronic pain, epilepsy, and cancer-related symptoms.
Research institutions are developing cannabis-based medicines for various ailments.
The regulation of cannabis cultivation has the potential to generate employment, boost rural economies, and provide a legal alternative to illicit trade. However, concerns regarding substance abuse and law enforcement challenges remain.
Key economic benefits:
Several countries have successfully implemented controlled cannabis cultivation programs:
Despite potential benefits, India faces challenges in expanding controlled cannabis cultivation:
Recommendations:
Controlled cannabis cultivation presents opportunities for economic growth, medical advancements, and sustainable agriculture. With proper regulation and scientific approach, India can harness the benefits of this versatile crop while addressing associated challenges. UPSC aspirants should be well-versed with its policy implications, agricultural significance, and socio-economic impact to better understand its role in India’s development.
Maximize the benefits of mock tests for IAS and KAS preparation with guidance from Amoghavarsha IAS Academy . For more details, visit https://amoghavarshaiaskas.in/.
Youtube: click here
Amoghavarsha IAS/KAS Academy was founded in 2014 since from their we have been excellence in the field of civil Service examination preparation and state services. The Academy is completely dedicated to provide excellent quality education by experts and bringing innovations etc.
Copyright © 2014 – 2024 Amoghavarsha IAS Academy. All Rights Reserved
Developed & Maintained by BIGGSITE
Amoghavarsha E Magazine
Current Affairs ( Prelims )
UPSC
KPSC