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India’s Nuclear Journey
India’s nuclear program began in the 1940s, with the dual goals of energy security and national defense. The 1974 nuclear tests led to sanctions and India’s exclusion from the global nuclear trade, complicating its pursuit of civilian nuclear technology.
Shift in U.S.-India Relations
The Genesis of the Nuclear Deal
Civilian and Military Separation
India agreed to separate its civilian and military nuclear facilities and place the former under International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) safeguards.
Nuclear Fuel and Technology Access
Non-Proliferation Commitments
While not required to join the NPT, India committed to adhering to non-proliferation norms and strengthening export controls.
Energy Security
Strategic Autonomy
Strengthening U.S.-India Ties
Geopolitical Implications
Liability Issues
India’s Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage Act, 2010 created concerns among foreign suppliers due to provisions allowing legal recourse against them in case of accidents.
Delays in Reactor Construction
Bureaucratic hurdles, public opposition, and financial constraints have slowed the establishment of new nuclear power plants.
Competition from Renewable Energy
With declining costs of solar and wind energy, nuclear power faces stiff competition in India’s energy mix.
NSG Membership
India’s non-signatory status to the NPT remains a barrier to its membership in the NSG, limiting its ability to shape global nuclear governance.
Scaling Up Nuclear Energy
Boosting Manufacturing and Jobs
Expanding Research and Development
Strengthening Non-Proliferation
Key Topics for Preparation
International Relations: U.S.-India strategic partnership and its impact on global geopolitics.
Energy Security: The role of nuclear energy in India’s energy mix.
Non-Proliferation: India’s stance on NPT, NSG, and global nuclear governance.
Geopolitics: Indo-Pacific strategy and balancing China’s influence.
Sample Questions
“Critically examine the U.S.-India nuclear deal and its implications for India’s energy security and strategic autonomy.”
“Discuss the challenges and opportunities associated with India’s nuclear energy program in the context of the U.S.-India nuclear deal.”
“Analyze the significance of the U.S.-India nuclear deal in shaping the Indo-Pacific strategy.”
Essay Topics
“Nuclear Energy: A Catalyst for India’s Development or a Liability?”
“The U.S.-India Nuclear Deal: A New Era in Bilateral Relations.”
“Balancing Energy Security and Non-Proliferation: India’s Nuclear Journey.”
The U.S.-India nuclear deal represents a historic opportunity to secure India’s energy future, strengthen its global standing, and deepen strategic ties with the United States. While challenges remain, proactive measures, such as addressing liability concerns and accelerating reactor construction, can unlock the deal’s full potential.
For UPSC aspirants, understanding the intricacies of this deal offers valuable insights into international relations, energy security, and India’s role in global governance. By seizing the promise of the nuclear deal, India can ensure sustainable growth, enhance its strategic autonomy, and contribute meaningfully to the global order.
This eBook serves as a comprehensive guide for aspirants to analyze the broader implications of this landmark agreement and its relevance in shaping India’s future trajectory.
Maximize the benefits of mock tests for IAS and KAS preparation with guidance from Amoghavarsha IAS Academy . For more details, visit https://amoghavarshaiaskas.in/.
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