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The Iskander-M is a cutting-edge short-range ballistic missile system developed by Russia. It plays a crucial role in modern warfare, offering high precision and rapid deployment capabilities. For UPSC aspirants, understanding this missile system is essential, particularly for topics related to defense technology, strategic studies, and geopolitics.
This eBook explores the Iskander-M in detail, covering its history, specifications, operational significance, and its impact on global security.
The Iskander-M is a mobile, short-range ballistic missile system designed to strike high-value enemy targets with precision. It is part of the Iskander series, developed by Russia as a replacement for older SS-21 Scarab missiles.
Key Features of Iskander-M
Range: Approximately 500 km
Warhead Options: Conventional (high-explosive, cluster, fuel-air explosive) and nuclear
Speed: Hypersonic (~Mach 6-7)
Accuracy: Circular Error Probable (CEP) under 5-7 meters
Launch System: Road-mobile transporter-erector-launcher (TEL)
The missile system’s advanced navigation and targeting mechanisms make it a formidable weapon in modern warfare.
Origins and Need for Iskander-M
During the Cold War, the Soviet Union relied on missile systems like Scud and SS-21 Scarab. However, after the Cold War, Russia needed a more advanced, precise, and survivable missile system.
Development of the Iskander series began in the 1990s, and the Iskander-M variant was introduced in 2006. The system was first deployed with the Russian military in 2010.
Comparison with Previous Missile Systems
Feature | SS-21 Scarab | Iskander-M |
|---|---|---|
Range | 120 km | 500 km |
Speed | Mach 3 | Mach 6-7 |
Accuracy | ~100 m | <10 m |
Warheads | Conventional | Multiple (Conventional & Nuclear) |
Iskander-M represents a significant technological leap over its predecessors.
1. Mobility and Deployment
Iskander-M is road-mobile, making it harder to detect and destroy. It can be transported using 8×8 high-mobility military trucks.
2. Stealth and Evasion Techniques
Maneuverable Re-entry Vehicle (MaRV) for trajectory changes
Decoys and Electronic Warfare Countermeasures
Low Radar Cross-Section (RCS) for Stealth
3. Warhead Capabilities
High-Explosive (HE) Fragmentation
Fuel-Air Explosive (Thermobaric)
Penetration Warhead (for hardened targets)
Nuclear Warhead (Tactical use)
4. Speed and Accuracy
Iskander-M travels at speeds exceeding Mach 6 and uses satellite, inertial, and optical guidance to strike with pinpoint accuracy.
1. Role in Russian Military Doctrine
Iskander-M provides first-strike capability, allowing Russia to target NATO bases and critical infrastructure in Europe.
2. Use in Conflicts
Russia-Georgia War (2008): Iskander missiles were used against Georgian forces.
Ukraine Conflict (2022-Present): Reports indicate their use against military targets.
3. Impact on Global Security
Increased tensions between Russia and NATO
Challenges to Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty compliance
Potential arms race in Eastern Europe
1. Lessons for India’s Missile Development
India can draw parallels from Iskander-M for indigenous projects like Prahaar and Shaurya missiles.
Focus on high-speed, precision-strike capability is crucial.
2. Russia-India Defense Cooperation
India and Russia have deep defense ties under BrahMos and S-400 deals. Studying Iskander-M helps understand Russia’s missile doctrine and technology.
3. Balancing Strategic Interests
India must balance ties with Russia while strengthening QUAD partnerships with the USA, Japan, and Australia.
The Iskander-M missile system is a game-changer in modern warfare. Understanding its strategic, geopolitical, and technological aspects is crucial for UPSC aspirants preparing for defense-related topics in GS Paper-III, Essay, and Interview.
By analyzing the capabilities, strategic role, and implications, aspirants can develop a well-rounded understanding of global military dynamics.
Maximize the benefits of mock tests for IAS and KAS preparation with guidance from Amoghavarsha IAS Academy . For more details, visit https://amoghavarshaiaskas.in/.
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