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Forever chemicals, scientifically known as per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), are a group of synthetic chemicals that have been in use since the 1940s. These chemicals are widely used in industrial applications and consumer products due to their resistance to heat, water, and oil. However, their persistence in the environment and potential harm to human health have made them a growing concern worldwide.
In this eBook, we will delve into the history, applications, environmental impact, health implications, and regulatory measures related to forever chemicals, with a focus on their relevance to the UPSC syllabus under topics like environment, health, and governance.
PFAS are a group of over 9,000 chemicals characterized by strong carbon-fluorine bonds, making them extremely stable. This stability is the reason for their persistence in the environment, earning them the moniker “forever chemicals.”
PFAS have been integral to numerous industries and products, such as:
Teflon, a widely recognized brand, is made using PFAS, showcasing the utility and ubiquity of these chemicals in daily life.
PFAS are found globally—in water, soil, and air—due to their widespread use and resistance to natural degradation. Key concerns include:
Global Example: Contaminated Water Sources
Countries like the USA, Australia, and parts of Europe report high PFAS levels in drinking water, leading to public health emergencies.
Long-term exposure to PFAS has been linked to:
Research Highlight: PFAS in Blood
Studies reveal that PFAS are detectable in the blood of 97% of Americans, indicating widespread exposure.
International Efforts:
India’s Response:
Policy Perspective: Precautionary Principle
Applying this principle can help mitigate the risks of PFAS while balancing economic and environmental priorities.
PFAS, while beneficial in numerous applications, pose significant environmental and health challenges. Addressing these issues requires a balanced approach involving technological innovation, robust policies, and public participation. For UPSC aspirants, the study of PFAS provides valuable insights into the interplay between science, governance, and sustainability.
By understanding and addressing the challenges posed by forever chemicals, we can move towards a safer and more sustainable future.
Maximize the benefits of mock tests for IAS and KAS preparation with guidance from Amoghavarsha IAS Academy . For more details, visit https://amoghavarshaiaskas.in/.
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