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History and Role of WHO
The WHO, established in 1948, is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN). Its primary goal is to promote global health, coordinate responses to health emergencies, and support member states in strengthening their health systems.
Key Functions of WHO:
Financial Contributions
The U.S. has historically been the largest financial contributor to the WHO, providing approximately 15% of its budget. This funding supports programs for disease control, vaccine distribution, and health emergency responses worldwide.
Leadership in Global Health
The U.S. has played a pivotal role in shaping WHO policies, contributing expertise, and funding key initiatives like the eradication of smallpox and the fight against HIV/AIDS.
Accusations Against WHO
The Trump administration accused the WHO of:
Domestic Political Context
Impact on Global Health Governance
Pandemics and Health Crises
Geopolitical Consequences
Rejoining the WHO
In January 2021, President Joe Biden reversed the withdrawal decision, reaffirming the U.S. commitment to the WHO. This move emphasized:
Renewed Focus on Reforms
The U.S. advocated for reforms in the WHO to improve accountability, transparency, and efficiency, ensuring that the organization can respond more effectively to health emergencies.
Importance of Multilateralism
The U.S. withdrawal underscored the need for strong multilateral institutions to address global health challenges. Pandemics transcend borders, requiring collective action.
Balancing Accountability and Support
While reforms are essential for improving WHO’s functioning, member states must balance constructive criticism with continued support to strengthen the organization.
Diversifying Funding Sources
The reliance on voluntary contributions from a few nations, including the U.S., highlights the need for diversified and sustainable funding mechanisms for the WHO.
Topics to Focus On
Potential Questions for UPSC
The U.S. withdrawal from the WHO was a stark reminder of the fragility of multilateralism in addressing global challenges. It disrupted efforts to combat the COVID-19 pandemic and underscored the critical role of collective action in safeguarding global health.
For UPSC aspirants, understanding the dynamics of such decisions provides insights into the interplay between domestic politics and global governance. It also highlights the importance of strengthening international institutions to address pressing global challenges.
As the world continues to grapple with health crises, the U.S.’s recommitment to the WHO under President Biden represents a renewed opportunity to reinforce multilateral cooperation and ensure a healthier, more resilient global future.
Cyclones are a major natural hazard for India, with significant impacts on human life, infrastructure, and the economy. Effective management and preparedness are essential to mitigate their effects. For UPSC aspirants, understanding the dynamics of cyclones, their impact, and the measures taken for management is crucial for comprehensive preparation in disaster management and environmental studies.
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