73rd Constitutional Amendment Act

Historical Background & Context

Before 1992, Panchayats existed but lacked constitutional status, leading to irregular elections and zero financial power. The 73rd Amendment gave “shape” to Article 40 (Directive Principles of State Policy), which directs the State to organize village panchayats.

  • Date of Effect: April 24, 1993 (celebrated as National Panchayati Raj Day).

  • New Additions: * Part IX: Titled “The Panchayats” (Articles 243 to 243-O).

    • 11th Schedule: Contains 29 functional items (like agriculture, rural housing, and primary education).

Under the mentorship of Dr. Ramanna Gowda, we have broken down the core differences that every aspirant must know for the upcoming KPSC and UPSC mains.

Salient Features (The "Must-Knows" for KAS/UPSC)

  • Three-Tier System: Mandates Panchayats at the Village, Intermediate (Block), and District levels. (States with <20 lakh population can skip the intermediate level).

  • Gram Sabha: The foundation of the system, consisting of all registered voters in a village.

  • Direct Elections: All members at all three levels are elected directly by the people.

  • Reservation of Seats: * SCs & STs: In proportion to their population.

    • Women: Not less than one-third (33%) of the total seats (Many states, including Karnataka, have increased this to 50%).

  • Fixed Tenure: A 5-year term. If dissolved earlier, elections must be held within 6 months.

  • State Election Commission: Created to ensure free and fair local polls, independent of the Election Commission of India.

The 2026 Conflict: 73rd Amendment vs. VB-G-RAM-G Act

This is a high-yield point for Current Affairs. As of February 2026, many states (including Karnataka) argue that the new VB-G-RAM-G Act violates the spirit of the 73rd Amendment.

  • Centralization: The 73rd Amendment intended for Gram Sabhas to plan local works.

  • The Argument: Critics say the VB-G-RAM-G Act shifts power to the Central Government by using “AI-driven normative allocations” and “National Infrastructure Stacks,” effectively bypassing the decentralized planning power granted by the 73rd Amendment.

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