PM Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana

Introduction

The PM Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana, launched on February 13, 2024, is a landmark initiative by the Indian government aimed at promoting renewable energy through residential rooftop solar systems. With an investment of over ₹75,000 crores, this scheme seeks to provide 300 units of free electricity per month to 1 crore households across India, bolstering sustainable energy adoption and economic savings for citizens.

Objectives

  • Promote Renewable Energy: Encourage widespread adoption of rooftop solar systems in urban and rural areas.
  • Economic Relief: Provide free electricity to mitigate energy costs for low- and middle-income households.
  • Environmental Goals: Reduce carbon emissions and support India’s commitment to renewable energy targets.
  • Employment Generation: Create approximately 17 lakh jobs across installation, manufacturing, and maintenance sectors.

Key Features

  • Central Financial Assistance (CFA):

    • Up to 60% subsidy for rooftop systems up to 2 kW.
    • 40% subsidy for systems between 2-3 kW, capped at 3 kW per household.
    • Households can also access low-interest loans for system installation.
  • Implementation Models:

    • Renewable Energy Service Company (RESCO) Model:
      • Rooftop solar systems are installed and maintained by RESCOs for at least five years.
      • Households benefit from reduced electricity bills via net metering.
    • Utility-Led Asset (ULA) Model:
      • State utilities manage the systems initially, with ownership transferred to households after five years.
  • Free Electricity:

    • Up to 300 units of electricity per month provided free to participating households.
  • Inclusivity:

    • Focus on urban and rural households, with special emphasis on Model Solar Villages in each district to showcase the benefits of the initiative.
  • Digital Accessibility:

    • A dedicated National Portal (pmsuryaghar.gov.in) allows households to register, access information, and apply for subsidies.
  • Environmental Impact:

    • The scheme aims to add 30 GW of solar capacity, reducing 720 million tonnes of CO₂ emissions over the systems’ 25-year lifespan.

Benefits

  • Economic Savings:

    • Significant reduction in electricity bills for beneficiaries.
    • Households can sell surplus energy back to the grid for additional income.
  • Energy Independence:

    • Promotes decentralization of energy production, reducing reliance on conventional sources.
  • Employment Opportunities:

    • Jobs in solar manufacturing, installation, logistics, and operations.
  • Environmental Sustainability:

    • Supports India’s transition to a low-carbon economy and helps meet global climate commitments.
  • Empowerment of Local Bodies:

    • Urban Local Bodies and Panchayati Raj Institutions are incentivized to promote rooftop solar adoption.

Challenges

  • Awareness and Adoption:
    • Educating households about the scheme and its benefits.
  • Infrastructure Constraints:
    • Ensuring robust grid infrastructure to handle increased solar integration.
  • Maintenance and Support:
    • Sustaining long-term maintenance of installed systems.
  • Financial Accessibility:
    • Addressing concerns related to upfront costs for non-subsidized portions.

Conclusion

The PM Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana is a visionary initiative aimed at accelerating India’s renewable energy transition while directly benefiting its citizens through cost savings and job creation. For UPSC aspirants, understanding this scheme provides insights into the interplay of governance, sustainability, and public welfare. It underscores India’s efforts to balance economic development with environmental responsibility.

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