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Trishna Wildlife Sanctuary, located in the northeastern state of Tripura, India, is a biodiversity hotspot and an essential part of India’s conservation efforts. Known for its lush forests, unique flora and fauna, and vital role in ecological balance, the sanctuary offers rich insights for UPSC aspirants studying environment and ecology, wildlife conservation, and sustainable development.
Location:
Trishna Wildlife Sanctuary is situated in the Belonia sub-division of South Tripura District, about 100 kilometers from Agartala, Tripura’s capital. It is nestled in the northeastern region of India, known for its diverse ecological landscapes.
Area and Terrain:
Climate:
Water Resources:
The sanctuary is nourished by natural water bodies, including rivulets, perennial streams, and wetlands, creating a haven for aquatic life and migratory birds.
Flora:
Fauna:
Aquatic Life:
Biodiversity Hotspot:
Trishna Wildlife Sanctuary is part of the Indo-Burma Biodiversity Hotspot, one of the world’s 36 recognized biodiversity hotspots.
Carbon Sequestration:
The dense forest cover plays a crucial role in absorbing carbon dioxide, mitigating climate change.
Water Conservation:
The sanctuary’s wetlands and water bodies act as natural reservoirs, supporting groundwater recharge and maintaining the local hydrological cycle.
Wildlife Corridor:
It serves as a vital corridor for wildlife movement, connecting other forested areas in the northeastern region.
Livelihoods:
The sanctuary provides resources like bamboo and medicinal plants for nearby communities. Sustainable harvesting practices are encouraged to maintain ecological balance.
Cultural Importance:
The tribal communities around Trishna Wildlife Sanctuary have deep cultural and spiritual connections with the forest. Many local festivals and rituals are tied to the sanctuary’s biodiversity.
Eco-Tourism:
Protected Area Status:
Declared a wildlife sanctuary in 1988, Trishna is governed by the Wildlife Protection Act of 1972, ensuring the conservation of its flora and fauna.
Community Participation:
Local communities are involved in conservation initiatives, enhancing their awareness and reducing human-wildlife conflict.
Afforestation Projects:
Reforestation drives are undertaken to combat deforestation and restore degraded areas.
Wildlife Protection:
Anti-poaching measures and patrols are in place to safeguard species like the Indian Bison and leopards.
Research and Monitoring:
Continuous monitoring of biodiversity and habitat conditions is carried out to address emerging threats.
Deforestation:
Illegal logging and land-use changes pose a threat to the sanctuary’s forest cover.
Encroachment:
Expanding agriculture and settlements exert pressure on the sanctuary’s boundaries.
Human-Wildlife Conflict:
Encroachment into forest areas often leads to conflicts, particularly with species like wild boars and leopards.
Climate Change:
Changing weather patterns affect the sanctuary’s ecosystems, including water availability and species distribution.
Invasive Species:
Non-native plant and animal species disrupt the sanctuary’s ecological balance.
National Wildlife Action Plan (NWAP):
The NWAP prioritizes the conservation of biodiversity-rich areas like Trishna Wildlife Sanctuary.
Integrated Development of Wildlife Habitats (IDWH):
The sanctuary benefits from financial and technical assistance under this scheme.
Eco-Tourism Development:
The Tripura government is promoting eco-tourism while ensuring the conservation of natural resources.
Collaborative Management:
The Forest Department collaborates with NGOs and research institutions to enhance conservation efforts.
National Wildlife Action Plan (NWAP):
The NWAP prioritizes the conservation
Enhanced Protection:
Strengthening anti-poaching measures and strict enforcement of wildlife laws can help safeguard endangered species.
Sustainable Development:
Integrating local communities into conservation strategies ensures both ecological preservation and socio-economic benefits.
Awareness Campaigns:
Educating tourists and locals about the sanctuary’s ecological importance fosters responsible behavior and conservation support.
Scientific Research:
Encouraging research on biodiversity and climate resilience helps develop adaptive management strategies.
Habitat Restoration:
Restoring degraded habitats through afforestation and wetland conservation ensures the long-term health of the sanctuary.
of biodiversity-rich areas like Trishna Wildlife Sanctuary.
Integrated Development of Wildlife Habitats (IDWH):
The sanctuary benefits from financial and technical assistance under this scheme.
Eco-Tourism Development:
The Tripura government is promoting eco-tourism while ensuring the conservation of natural resources.
Collaborative Management:
The Forest Department collaborates with NGOs and research institutions to enhance conservation efforts.
Environment and Ecology:
Geography:
Governance:
Sustainable Development:
Current Affairs:
Regular updates on government schemes, conservation projects, and global biodiversity reports.
Trishna Wildlife Sanctuary is not just a repository of biodiversity but also a symbol of harmony between nature and humanity. Its conservation is vital for maintaining ecological balance, supporting local livelihoods, and combating climate change. For UPSC aspirants, Trishna serves as a case study in environmental sustainability, wildlife conservation, and the integration of traditional knowledge with modern conservation practices. By understanding its significance, challenges, and solutions, aspirants can gain insights into India’s broader environmental goals and strategies.
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